How is sonography utilized in obstetrics?

Sonography, also known as ultrasound, is primarily used in obstetrics to visualize and monitor fetal development and assess maternal health during pregnancy. This imaging technique allows healthcare providers to observe the fetus throughout different stages of development, which is crucial for identifying any potential abnormalities or complications.

Ultrasound can provide information about the fetus's size, position, and gestational age, while also enabling assessments of amniotic fluid levels and placental positioning. Furthermore, it helps in monitoring the mother's health by checking for potential issues such as abnormal fluid accumulation or problems with the placenta. This multifaceted capability makes sonography an invaluable tool in prenatal care, ensuring both the well-being of the mother and the developing fetus.

In contrast, other options highlight functions that sonography does not typically serve during obstetrics. Performing surgical procedures in the womb refers to different intervention methods, while detecting infections and measuring the mother's vitals are generally managed through other clinical assessments and tests. Thus, the primary focus of sonography in obstetrics is centered on visualization and monitoring, which is accurately captured in the correct answer.